{"id":7190,"date":"2022-04-14T13:50:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-14T08:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.innovationm.com\/blog\/?p=7190"},"modified":"2022-04-14T13:56:38","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T08:26:38","slug":"triggers-in-mysql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.innovationm.com\/blog\/triggers-in-mysql\/","title":{"rendered":"Triggers in MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A trigger is a stored program that gets invoked automatically whenever any event such as insertion, update, or deletion occurs in a table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, whenever we add a new row or delete a row, we can define a trigger that gets triggered automatically through which we can be assured of the proper happenings of those events. Each trigger is associated with a table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The trigger is a special procedure but not a stored procedure. The key difference between both is that a stored procedure needs to be called explicitly while the special procedure(trigger) gets called automatically when the event linked to it happens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Use of triggers:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data can be validated even before they are inserted or updated with the help of triggers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A log of records can be kept using triggers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Triggers provide an alternative way to check the integrity of data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Triggers also provide an alternative way to run the scheduled task.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The performance of SQL queries can be improved with triggers because it does not need to compile each time the query is executed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Limitations of triggers:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There will be an increase in the overhead of the database server with the usage of triggers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Users can not troubleshoot what happens in the database layer as they get invoked automatically and invisibly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How to create triggers:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(AFTER | BEFORE) (INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE)\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ON table_name FOR EACH ROW\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0BEGIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-declarations of variables\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-code for the trigger\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0END;<\/pre>\n<p><b>Example:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Step1: <\/b><strong>Creating a table named person<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CREATE TABLE person(\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0name varchar(45) NOT NULL,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0occupation varchar(35) NOT NULL,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0date_of_working date,\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0working_hours varchar(10)\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n);<\/pre>\n<p><b>Step2. <\/b><strong>Code for trigger creation<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">mysql&gt; DELIMITER \/\/\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nmysql&gt; Create Trigger before_insertion\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nBEFORE INSERT ON employee FOR EACH ROW\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nBEGIN\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nIF NEW.working_hours &lt; 0 THEN SET NEW.working_hours = 0;\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nEND IF;\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nEND \/\/<\/pre>\n<p><b>Step3:<\/b><strong> Inserting values into the table named person<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT INTO person VALUES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">('Rahul', 'Astronaut', '2022-03-03', 12),\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n('Raju', 'Engineer', '2022-03-03', 10),\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n('Ravi', 'Painter', '2022-04-04', 13),\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n('Rajesh', 'Doctor', '2022-04-04', 14)<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, we are changing the delimiter to \/\/ so that it will not be terminated for the default termination character(;). With the help of this trigger, conditions like entering negative<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">values can be checked and acted upon by replacing them with values like 0 or any other value.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example2:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Step1: <\/b><strong>First create a table named test_trigger as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CREATE TABLE test_trigger(message VARCHAR(100));<\/pre>\n<p><b>Step2<\/b>: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creating a table named person<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">CREATE TABLE employee(\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0name varchar(45) NOT NULL,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0occupation varchar(35) NOT NULL,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sex varchar(5)\r\n\r\n);<\/pre>\n<p><b>Step3<\/b>: <strong>Create the trigger<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">mysql&gt; DELIMITER \/\/\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nmysql&gt; Create Trigger my_trigger<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BEFORE INSERT ON employee FOR EACH ROW\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BEGIN\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">IF NEW.sex = \"M\" THEN\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0INSERT INTO test_trigger VALUES(\"Added male employee\");\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nELSE\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0INSERT INTO test_trigger VALUES(\"Added female employee\");\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nEND IF;\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nEND \/\/<\/pre>\n<p><b>Step4<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <strong>Inserting values into a table named person<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT INTO employee VALUES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">('Rahul', 'Astronaut', 'M'),\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n('Raju', 'Engineer', 'F')<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above trigger adds the value based on what the user inserts into the gender column of the employee table. If we execute the &#8220;SELECT * FROM test_trigger&#8221; it will show the message column with the corresponding values depending on the INSERT operation on the employee table<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>To check all the triggers available in a database and associated with a table, the following statement works:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">mysql&gt; SHOW TRIGGERS FROM mydb WHERE table = 'person';<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To drop a particular trigger, the following statement works:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">mysql&gt; DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS mydb.before_insertion;<\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a similar fashion, triggers for conditions like before_updation, after_updation, before_deletion, and after_deletion can be created and used.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A trigger is a stored program that gets invoked automatically whenever any event such as insertion, update, or deletion occurs in a table. For instance, whenever we add a new row or delete a row, we can define a trigger that gets triggered automatically through which we can be assured of the proper happenings of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[722,770,723,768,769],"class_list":["post-7190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mobile","tag-blog","tag-bloggers","tag-blogging","tag-mysql","tag-trigger"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Triggers in MySQL - InnovationM - Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.innovationm.com\/blog\/triggers-in-mysql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Triggers in MySQL - InnovationM - Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A trigger is a stored program that gets invoked automatically whenever any event such as insertion, update, or deletion occurs in a table. 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